Integrating Transit Route Network Design and Fast Charging Station Planning for Battery Electric Buses

There are currently rising applications of battery electric buses in public transportation system, given their energy efficiency and societal benefits. However, limited range time-consuming charging processes significantly reduce the operational system. Thanks to fast technology, can run continuously through rational planning Therefore, achieve an effective economic transit route network, network stations should be simultaneously systematically deployed. This study develops a bi-level programming framework formulate design problem. Where, upper-level model is determine structure station location optimize total costs both user operator, lower-level passenger assignment calculate cost for model. Then, proposed solved by modified genetic algorithm (GA), which search all possible structures specifically designed operators. A numerical example from Swiss road employed demonstrate applicability performance GA.